How it works
One project, from a first screening toward a bankable study.
A project moves through stages freely and keeps its history. Each stage adds one layer to the one before it, and every number on this page is the app’s own example, solved by its engines.
The same plant through every engine
One plant, four engines · the cost of a tonne of ammonia
One design, solved four ways: the example’s feasibility design v2, 250 MW wind, 200 MWp solar, 20 MW / 80 MWh battery, 150 MW electrolyser, 50 t hydrogen store, 150,000 t/yr ammonia unit. Each rung adds one layer to the one above it, so the gap between two rungs is that layer, not a different plant.
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Prefeasibility Annual closed form: the year from its averages
763 $/t 112,742 t/yr · curtailed 15.0%
binding: renewables
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adds the hours of a real year
Prefeasibility Hour by hour simple priority rules over a year of weather
885 $/t 97,494 t/yr · curtailed 26.2%
binding upstream: renewables
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adds operating limits
Feasibility Rule-based operating limits, no foresight: the base case
989 $/t 87,015 t/yr · curtailed 34.1%
Renewables-limited most days · 96 h below its minimum run for lack of hydrogen
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adds perfect foresight
Feasibility LP solver operating limits, the whole year known: the ceiling
879 $/t 97,866 t/yr · curtailed 25.8%
never below its minimum run
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adds every unit in detail, and compliance
Pre-FEEDComingnot built yet
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adds cash flows, debt and returns
FinancingComingnot built yet
The same plant, four ways: adding the hours of a real year takes the cost of a tonne from 763 to 885 $/t; adding operating limits takes it to 989 $/t; adding perfect foresight brings it back to 879 $/t.
| Stage | Engine | Cost of a tonne ($/t) | Ammonia made (t/yr) | Energy curtailed (%) | What limits output |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prefeasibility | Annual | 763 | 112,742 | 15.0 | binding: renewables |
| Prefeasibility | Hour by hour | 885 | 97,494 | 26.2 | binding upstream: renewables |
| Feasibility | Rule-based | 989 | 87,015 | 34.1 | Renewables-limited most days · 96 h below its minimum run for lack of hydrogen |
| Feasibility | LP solver | 879 | 97,866 | 25.8 | never below its minimum run |
What each stage adds
- 01Available
Prefeasibility
Adds time. A first screening of the plant, in seconds.
- Annual
- The year from its averages, in closed form. Names the stage that binds among three limits.
- Hour by hour
- The same plant over a year of real weather, run by simple priority rules: every unit free to run from zero to its size.
- You read
- The cost of each product per tonne, what limits output, the energy that goes unused, the right size of each stage.
- 02Available
Feasibility
Adds operating limits and the best dispatch. The plant as it has to run.
- Operating limits
- Minimum load, ramps and standby for the electrolyser and each unit; the battery and the hydrogen store as they charge and discharge.
- Two engines
- The rule-based engine runs the plant as an operator would, with no foresight: the base case. The LP solver, an optimiser that solves a linear program, knows the whole year: the ceiling.
- You read
- Hours short of hydrogen and of power, kept apart; storage cycles; the year hour by hour; the cost of each product.
- 03Coming
Pre-FEED
Adds plant fidelity. Every unit of the plant in detail, and compliance.
- 04Coming
Financing
Adds the financial model. Cash flows, debt and returns, as a lender reads them.
The three limits
A plant makes no more than its weakest stage allows. A screening computes three ceilings, the energy, the electrolyser and the product unit, and names the lowest: the stage that limits the plant, the binding one.
Three limits, one answer
The example’s prefeasibility design v1, annual resolution: the closed form names the stage that limits the plant, the binding one.
Electrolyser 150 MW, the example’s design
The plant makes the lowest: 112,742 t/yr of ammonia, at 736 $/t.
At 150 MW the wind and sun set the lowest ceiling, 112,742 t/yr, so the plant makes 112,742 t of ammonia a year, at 736 $/t; on their own, the electrolyser 115,570 t/yr and the ammonia unit 127,500 t/yr.
| Electrolyser (MW) | Wind and sun (t/yr) | Electrolyser (t/yr) | Ammonia unit (t/yr) | Binding | Ammonia made (t/yr) | Cost ($/t) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | 112,742 | 77,047 | 127,500 | Electrolyser | 77,047 | 978 |
| 125 | 112,742 | 96,308 | 127,500 | Electrolyser | 96,308 | 822 |
| 150 | 112,742 | 115,570 | 127,500 | Renewables | 112,742 | 736 |
| 175 | 112,742 | 134,831 | 127,500 | Renewables | 112,742 | 766 |
| 200 | 112,742 | 154,093 | 127,500 | Renewables | 112,742 | 796 |
Two engines bracket the truth
In feasibility the same plant runs twice: by rules that never look ahead, and by an optimiser that sees the whole year. A real plant, run well, lands between the two.
One week, hour by hour · 1–7 April 2024
The example’s feasibility design: 250 MW wind, 200 MWp solar, 20 MW / 80 MWh battery, 150 MW electrolyser, 50 t hydrogen store. The week is the full Monday-to-Sunday week whose wind and solar energy is closest to the median week of the year.
- Wind available
- Solar available
- Electrolyser draw, its 1.5 MW standby included
- Electrolyser size, 150 MW
- Battery
- Hydrogen store
Point at the chart, or focus it and use the arrow keys, to read any hour.
Rule-based engine no foresight · the base case
LP solver perfect foresight · the ceiling
In this week the LP solver makes 10.3% more hydrogen than the rule-based engine (344.7 t against 312.5 t): it empties and refills the battery on 7 of 7 days, where the rule-based engine never lets it fall below 63%.
| Day | Engine | Hydrogen made (t) | Ammonia made (t) | Energy curtailed (MWh) | Battery, lowest to highest (MWh) | Hydrogen store, lowest to highest (t usable) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mon 1 Apr | Rule-based engine | 53.8 | 259.4 | 380 | 80.0 to 80.0 | 22.8 to 34.1 |
| Mon 1 Apr | LP solver | 56.2 | 315.6 | 196 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 3.4 to 5.2 |
| Tue 2 Apr | Rule-based engine | 45.3 | 232.4 | 1,401 | 50.6 to 80.0 | 17.8 to 35.3 |
| Tue 2 Apr | LP solver | 48.3 | 252.9 | 1,256 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 3.0 to 8.1 |
| Wed 3 Apr | Rule-based engine | 46.5 | 278.2 | 1,255 | 80.0 to 80.0 | 32.3 to 43.5 |
| Wed 3 Apr | LP solver | 53.3 | 293.3 | 950 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 7.5 to 11.1 |
| Thu 4 Apr | Rule-based engine | 41.5 | 254.0 | 1,213 | 80.0 to 80.0 | 21.4 to 34.7 |
| Thu 4 Apr | LP solver | 48.3 | 262.4 | 908 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 7.3 to 11.4 |
| Fri 5 Apr | Rule-based engine | 48.8 | 254.0 | 1,921 | 80.0 to 80.0 | 21.3 to 36.0 |
| Fri 5 Apr | LP solver | 52.7 | 289.8 | 1,688 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 7.9 to 12.1 |
| Sat 6 Apr | Rule-based engine | 23.5 | 216.2 | 260 | 68.2 to 80.0 | 17.1 to 30.2 |
| Sat 6 Apr | LP solver | 30.4 | 180.0 | 6 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 10.3 to 11.9 |
| Sun 7 Apr | Rule-based engine | 53.1 | 200.0 | 1,477 | 80.0 to 80.0 | 14.5 to 34.6 |
| Sun 7 Apr | LP solver | 55.5 | 285.3 | 1,263 | 0.0 to 80.0 | 10.0 to 15.1 |
The whole typical year, the same design · cost of a tonne of ammonia
- Rule-based engine the base case 989 $/t
87,015 t/yr
96 h short of hydrogen - LP solver the ceiling 879 $/t
97,866 t/yr
0 h short of hydrogen
Over the year the same plant makes 87,015 t of ammonia at 989 $/t run by the rules, 96 h below its minimum run for lack of hydrogen, and 97,866 t at 879 $/t run by the solver, never below its minimum run: the first is the base case, the second the ceiling.
Every product, one upstream plant
One upstream plant, every product
A project makes one product or several from the same electrolyser; in prefeasibility each product takes hydrogen in proportion to its size. The CO₂ comes from point-source capture, direct air capture or a bought-in supply.
Shared upstream
- Wind
- Solar
- Battery
- Electrolyser
- Desalination
- Ammonia
- Air separation (nitrogen)
- Haber–Bosch synthesis
- e-Methanol
- CO₂ source
- Methanol synthesis
- e-SAF, Fischer–Tropsch
- CO₂ source
- Purification and storage
- Reverse water-gas shift
- Fischer–Tropsch
- Upgrading
- e-SAF, methanol-to-jet
- CO₂ source
- Purification and storage
- Methanol synthesis
- Methanol-to-jet
- e-NG
- CO₂ source
- Methanation
- Green iron
- Iron ore
- Direct reduction with hydrogen
- Green steel
- Iron ore
- Direct reduction with hydrogen
- Electric arc furnace
- Exported hydrogen
- Injection compressor